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王少茗

澳门大学，中国

 

摘要

汉语动词“呼吸”描述的是脊椎生物每时每刻都要进行的身体活动。随着“呼吸”出现在 2021年最新颁布实施的《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》词表中，对“呼吸”动词的句法结构特征的描述变得越来越重要。本文利用诸多大型语料库抽样出 199 条含动词“呼吸”的单句，使用标注工具对这些单句进行了依存语法标注。从对句法依存关系、句法搭配强度的统计结果来看， “呼吸”的句法具有以下特征 ：动宾关系是“呼吸”最常见的句法依存关系，句法搭配强度最高的是“呼吸”与支配成分构成的核心关系 ；“呼吸”作为支配词的整体句法搭配强度是 1.37。通过对“呼吸”句法特征的定量和定性研究，本文扩展了动词的句法特征研究，有助于在编纂面向汉语学习者的词典时全面呈现动词的句法特点。

 

关键词

动词，句法，呼吸，依存语法

 

The Syntax of hūxī "breathe" in Chinese

 

Shaoming Wang

University of Macau, China

 

Abstract

Hūxī "breathe" describes the most basic physiological activity of vertebrates, and it appears in many important TCSL syllabuses. This study collected sentences containing this verb from various Chinese corpora and selected 199 single sentences. This study carried out dependency grammar-based syntactic annotation and analyzed the syntactic features of hūxī "breathe" from the aspects of dependency relations and syntactic collocation intensity. Syntactically, the most used dependency relation of hūxī "breathe" was Verb-Object. Under different dependency relations, the most important syntactic collocation intensity of hūxī "breathe" was head with a syntactic collocational intensity value of 1.37. This paper combined both quantitative statistics and qualitative analysis and explored the syntactic features of hūxī "breathe". The study not only deepened the study of verbs, but also helped to highlight the syntactic characteristics of verbs in the compilation of Chinese learner dictionaries.

 

Keywords

Verbs, syntax, hūxī ‘breathe’, Dependency Grammar