Download Full PDF

郑航 

北京语言大学，中国

 

肖诗俊

澳门科技大学，中国

 

蔡智航

北京语言大学，中国

 

摘要

汉语情感近义词（如开心、高兴）的差异主要体现在微观语义层面，需依赖语境才能感知。研究从五类典型情感（爱、乐、悲、惊、惧）中选取句法和搭配特征均相同的情感近义词，利用强制选择与自由情境联想任务，考察汉语母语者与高级学习者对情感近义词微观语义的认知差异。选择一致性结果显示，母语者对特定语境中应使用哪一个词具有更明显的倾向性，而二语者的选择倾向性则较弱。计算情境联想特征的余弦相似度发现，情感近义词在母语者心理表征中相似度更低，在二语者心理表征中相似度更高。研究表明，二语者对情感近义词的微观语义认知与母语者存在系统性差异 ；更细颗粒度的语义表征有助于形成更稳定的语用决策。研究为二语情感词教学提供了启示。

 

关键词

情感近义词，微观语义，强制选择，自由情境联想，二语词汇教学

 

Does hěn-kāixīn Equal hěn-gāoxìng? Micro-Semantic Representations of Chinese Emotional Synonyms among L1 and L2 Speakers

Hang Zheng

Beijing Language and Culture University, China

 

Shijun Xiao

Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR China

 

Zhihang Cai

Beijing Language and Culture University, China

 

Abstract

Differences between Chinese emotional synonyms (e.g., kāixīn“happy” and gāoxìng“glad” ) primarily manifest at the micro-semantic level and typically require contextual cues to be fully perceived. This study selected emotional synonym pairs with minimal syntactic and collocational differences across five core emotion categories (love, joy, sadness, surprise, and fear) and employed a forced-choice task alongside a scenario association task to investigate the microsemantic representations of these words in the mental lexicons of Chinese first language (L1) speakers and advanced Chinese second language (L2) learners. Analysis of choice consistency revealed that L1 speakers demonstrated significantly stronger context-dependent preferences in word selection, whereas L2 learners exhibited weaker and less stable preferences. Cosine similarity analyses of scenario association features indicated that L1 speakers maintained more distinct mental representations of emotional synonyms, while L2 learners tended to conflate these meanings, resulting in higher similarity scores. Overall, the findings highlight systematic differences in the micro-semantic representations of emotional synonyms between L1 speakers and L2 learners. The observed negative correlation between scenario similarity and choice consistency suggests that more fine-grained semantic representations contribute to more stable and native-like lexical choices. These results provide valuable pedagogical implications for the teaching of emotional vocabulary in L2 contexts.

 

Keywords

Emotional synonyms, micro-semantics, forced-choice, free (scenario) association, L2 vocabulary teaching